{"id":1216,"date":"2019-02-08T10:04:51","date_gmt":"2019-02-08T08:04:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.drpedonomou.com\/?page_id=1216"},"modified":"2019-05-03T19:38:43","modified_gmt":"2019-05-03T16:38:43","slug":"general-surgery","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.drpedonomou.com\/en\/patients\/general-surgery\/","title":{"rendered":"General Surgery"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lazha8-f4718a2743c1508e30b7459c1cb259cc\">\n.avia-section.av-lazha8-f4718a2743c1508e30b7459c1cb259cc{\nbackground-color:#f9f9f9;\nbackground-image:url(https:\/\/www.drpedonomou.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/geniki-xirourgiki.jpg);\nbackground-repeat:no-repeat;\nbackground-position:100% 50%;\nbackground-attachment:scroll;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av_section_1'  class='avia-section av-lazha8-f4718a2743c1508e30b7459c1cb259cc main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-0  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modern-centered  avia-builder-el-1  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >General Surgery<\/h1><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-iypcw0-54f85f3c06b244821e39716af02048ea\">\n#top .hr.av-iypcw0-54f85f3c06b244821e39716af02048ea{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n.hr.av-iypcw0-54f85f3c06b244821e39716af02048ea .hr-inner{\nwidth:100px;\nborder-color:#109bc5;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-iypcw0-54f85f3c06b244821e39716af02048ea hr-custom  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_heading  avia-builder-el-last  hr-center hr-icon-no'><span class='hr-inner inner-border-av-border-thin'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/main><!-- close content main element --><\/div><\/div><div id='av-layout-grid-1'  class='av-layout-grid-container 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id=\"style-css-av-eurcs0-667f35d9c1d88f9802c2c124f9d1e3bd\">\n.flex_cell.av-eurcs0-667f35d9c1d88f9802c2c124f9d1e3bd{\nvertical-align:bottom;\nbackground-color:#109bc5;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_cell.av-eurcs0-667f35d9c1d88f9802c2c124f9d1e3bd{\npadding:4px 0px 0px 0px !important;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class='flex_cell av-eurcs0-667f35d9c1d88f9802c2c124f9d1e3bd av-gridrow-cell av_one_half no_margin  avia-builder-el-5  el_after_av_cell_one_half  avia-builder-el-last  content-align-bottom'  ><div class='flex_cell_inner'><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><div id='after_grid_row_1'  class='main_color av_default_container_wrap container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-1216'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<div class='flex_column_table av-d1te40-178136ff25c61cd9e7a7f19e24bd69a8 sc-av_one_full av-equal-height-column-flextable'>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-d1te40-178136ff25c61cd9e7a7f19e24bd69a8\">\n.flex_column.av-d1te40-178136ff25c61cd9e7a7f19e24bd69a8{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-d1te40-178136ff25c61cd9e7a7f19e24bd69a8 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_layout_row  el_before_av_section  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  first no_margin flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top av-animated-generic top-to-bottom av-zero-column-padding  '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-jrvrmdjy-187b0a9862a20ea4abbd15f59fdfad15 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.drpedonomou.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/geniki-xirourgiki-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.drpedonomou.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/geniki-xirourgiki-1.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.drpedonomou.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/geniki-xirourgiki-1-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.drpedonomou.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/geniki-xirourgiki-1-450x253.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Surgery<\/strong> (&lt; <em>cheirourgia<\/em>, from the Greek <em>cheir<\/em>, &#8220;hand&#8221; + <em>ergon<\/em>, &#8220;work&#8221;) is the branch of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Medicine\">medicine<\/a> that deals with the physical manipulation of a bodily structure to diagnose, prevent, or cure an ailment. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambroise_Par%C3%A9\">Ambroise Par\u00e9<\/a>, a 16th-century French surgeon, stated that to perform surgery is, &#8220;To eliminate that which is superfluous, restore that which has been dislocated, separate that which has been united, join that which has been divided and repair the defects of nature.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Since humans first learned to make and handle tools, they have employed their talents to develop surgical techniques, each time more sophisticated than the last; however, until the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Industrial_revolution\">industrial revolution<\/a>, surgeons were incapable of overcoming the three principal obstacles which had plagued the medical profession from its infancy: \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bleeding\">bleeding<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pain\">pain<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Infection\">infection<\/a>. \u00a0Advances in these fields have transformed surgery from a risky &#8220;art&#8221; into a scientific discipline capable of treating many diseases and conditions.<\/p>\n<p>The first surgical techniques were developed to treat injuries and traumas. A combination of archaeological and anthropological studies offer insight into man&#8217;s early techniques for suturing lacerations, amputating unsalvageable limbs, and draining and cauterizing open wounds.<\/p>\n<p>The oldest operation for which evidence exists is <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trepanning\">trepanation<\/a> (from <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greek_language\">Greek<\/a> <em>\u03c4\u03c1\u03cd\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd<\/em> and <em>\u03c4\u03c1\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2<\/em>), in which a hole is drilled or scraped into the skull for exposing the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dura_mater\">dura mater<\/a> to treat health problems related to intracranial pressure and other diseases.<\/p>\n<p>The discipline of surgery was put on a sound, scientific footing during the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Age_of_Enlightenment\">Age of Enlightenment<\/a> in Europe (1715\u201389) and was significantly influenced by these three major factors: the modern <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pain\">pain<\/a> control through <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anesthesia\">anesthesia<\/a>, the development of \u00a0improved methods of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antisepsis\">antisepsis<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Asepsis\">asepsis<\/a>, and the use of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/X-rays\">X-rays<\/a> as an important medical diagnostic tool. In the past century, a number of technologies have had a significant impact on surgical practice. These include <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Electrosurgery\">Electro surgery<\/a> in the early 20th century, practical <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Endoscopy\">Endoscopy<\/a> beginning in the 1960s, and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Laser_surgery\">Laser surgery<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Computer-assisted_surgery\">Computer-assisted surgery<\/a> and Laparoscopic Surgery, developed in the 1980s.<\/p>\n<p><strong>General surgery<\/strong> is a medical discipline. Despite the name, is actually a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/common-surgical-procedures-4013694\">surgical specialty. <\/a>As the title indicates, it is a wide-ranging area of surgery with many subspecialties. The defining feature of general surgeons is that they have a wide range of knowledge and skills to deal with all kinds of surgical emergencies, with an emphasis on acute abdominal problems. They also carry out a large number of elective operations. The surgical specialty focuses on <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Abdominal\">abdominal<\/a> contents including <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Esophagus\">esophagus<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stomach\">stomach<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Small_bowel\">small bowel<\/a>, large bowel, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Liver\">liver<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pancreas\">pancreas<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Appendix_(anatomy)\">appendix<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gallbladder\">gallbladder<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bile_duct\">bile ducts<\/a>, and the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thyroid\">thyroid<\/a> gland. It also deal with diseases involving the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Human_skin\">skin<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Breast\">breast<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soft_tissue\">soft tissue<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trauma_(medicine)\">trauma<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peripheral\">peripheral<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vascular_surgery\">vascular surgery<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hernia\">hernias<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>General Surgery is a large specialty which requires the acquisition of knowledge in basic sciences required in the development of clinical and operative skills as well as specialized knowledge and skills in managing congenital and acquired diseases and injuries of most organ systems which are treated by operations and other interventions.\u00a0\u00a0It provides for operative and non-operative management, i.e. prevention, diagnosis, evaluation, decision making, treatment, intensive care and rehabilitation of patients with pathological processes that affect these organs. So, general surgeons not only perform surgeries but are also responsible for patient care before, during, and after surgery.<\/p>\n<p>General Surgery co-operates with other medical specialties, like anesthesia, intensive care, emergency medicine, radiology, neurology, pediatrics, internal medicine, geriatrics, rehabilitation medicine, obstetrics and gynecology, and also pharmacy in the management of patients.<\/p>\n<p>Modern surgery has developed to such an extent that the body of knowledge and technical skills required have led to surgeons specializing in particular areas, usually an anatomical area of the body or occasionally in a particular technique or type of patient.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><u>Fields of General Surgery<\/u>:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-738\" src=\"https:\/\/www.drpedonomou.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/Surgery_dr-pedonomou.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"285\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.drpedonomou.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/Surgery_dr-pedonomou.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.drpedonomou.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/Surgery_dr-pedonomou-300x171.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.drpedonomou.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/Surgery_dr-pedonomou-450x257.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Breast Surgery: assessment of a large number of patients with breast symptoms, and surgery on breast lesions or breast cancers.<\/li>\n<li>Colorectal Surgery for diseases of the colon, rectum and anal canal.<\/li>\n<li>Endocrine Surgery for diseases of the thyroid, parathyroid and adrenal glands.<\/li>\n<li>Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery for diseases affecting the liver, gallbladder, esophagus and stomach.<\/li>\n<li>Anti-reflux Surgery<\/li>\n<li>Spleen Surgery<\/li>\n<li>Hernia Surgery<\/li>\n<li>Surgical Critical Care<\/li>\n<li>Surgical Oncology<\/li>\n<li>Trauma and acute care surgery<\/li>\n<li>Skin and soft tissue surgery<\/li>\n<li>Obesity Surgery for morbidly obese patients.<\/li>\n<li>Laparoscopic (or \u201ckeyhole\u201d) Surgery is recognized as an integral and crucial skill that is developing across the entirety of general surgical practice and its subspecialties. Operations are being carried out increasingly by minimally invasive techniques that offer patients less pain, better outcomes and shorter postoperative recovery. Virtually every abdominal operation can and has been done by this route.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. 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