{"id":1299,"date":"2019-02-08T11:36:04","date_gmt":"2019-02-08T09:36:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.drpedonomou.com\/?page_id=1299"},"modified":"2019-05-03T19:54:57","modified_gmt":"2019-05-03T16:54:57","slug":"thyroid-surgery","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.drpedonomou.com\/en\/surgical-procedures\/thyroid-surgery\/","title":{"rendered":"Thyroid Surgery"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-fg8177-2f123e5f9b7fa5c13af59f6ed6df5e0e\">\n.avia-section.av-fg8177-2f123e5f9b7fa5c13af59f6ed6df5e0e{\nbackground-color:#f9f9f9;\nbackground-image:url(https:\/\/www.drpedonomou.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/thiroidis-web.jpg);\nbackground-repeat:no-repeat;\nbackground-position:100% 100%;\nbackground-attachment:scroll;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av_section_1'  class='avia-section av-fg8177-2f123e5f9b7fa5c13af59f6ed6df5e0e main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-0  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modern-centered  avia-builder-el-1  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Thyroid Surgery<\/h1><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-dvdkcz-1b45e64e809086a485b46d004895595f\">\n#top .hr.av-dvdkcz-1b45e64e809086a485b46d004895595f{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n.hr.av-dvdkcz-1b45e64e809086a485b46d004895595f .hr-inner{\nwidth:100px;\nborder-color:#109bc5;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-dvdkcz-1b45e64e809086a485b46d004895595f hr-custom  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_heading  avia-builder-el-last  hr-center hr-icon-no'><span class='hr-inner inner-border-av-border-thin'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/main><!-- close content main element --><\/div><\/div><div id='av-layout-grid-1'  class='av-layout-grid-container av-cjh10z-bfd1dde4ba80c17772d767195ec9ae6e entry-content-wrapper main_color av-fixed-cells  avia-builder-el-3  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_one_full  grid-row-not-first  container_wrap fullsize'  >\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-asa2vn-b8d5aa067a1d5226243c4fd82b6aefdc\">\n.flex_cell.av-asa2vn-b8d5aa067a1d5226243c4fd82b6aefdc{\nvertical-align:bottom;\nbackground-color:#109bc5;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_cell.av-asa2vn-b8d5aa067a1d5226243c4fd82b6aefdc{\npadding:4px 0px 0px 0px !important;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class='flex_cell av-asa2vn-b8d5aa067a1d5226243c4fd82b6aefdc av-gridrow-cell av_one_half no_margin  avia-builder-el-4  el_before_av_cell_one_half  avia-builder-el-first  content-align-bottom'  ><div class='flex_cell_inner'><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-8yv6n7-f07d3b9c680ab4a3fb2ec817b1891f74\">\n.flex_cell.av-8yv6n7-f07d3b9c680ab4a3fb2ec817b1891f74{\nvertical-align:bottom;\nbackground-color:#109bc5;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_cell.av-8yv6n7-f07d3b9c680ab4a3fb2ec817b1891f74{\npadding:4px 0px 0px 0px !important;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class='flex_cell av-8yv6n7-f07d3b9c680ab4a3fb2ec817b1891f74 av-gridrow-cell av_one_half no_margin  avia-builder-el-5  el_after_av_cell_one_half  avia-builder-el-last  content-align-bottom'  ><div class='flex_cell_inner'><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><div id='after_grid_row_1'  class='main_color av_default_container_wrap container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-1299'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-7ozqhf-e8fc5ed375f9c43b913a3e255ad7cd2d\">\n.flex_column.av-7ozqhf-e8fc5ed375f9c43b913a3e255ad7cd2d{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-7ozqhf-e8fc5ed375f9c43b913a3e255ad7cd2d av_one_full  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_layout_row  el_before_av_section  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-jrvuvhyi-7e4951915d6503623d9a91d9d72080c6 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-784\" src=\"https:\/\/www.drpedonomou.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/thyroid-gland-anatomy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"497\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.drpedonomou.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/thyroid-gland-anatomy.jpg 497w, https:\/\/www.drpedonomou.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/thyroid-gland-anatomy-300x258.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.drpedonomou.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/thyroid-gland-anatomy-450x387.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 497px) 100vw, 497px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped organ that sits at the front of the neck. It is composed of two lobes, left and right, connected by a narrow isthmus. It produces and releases hormones that control the body&#8217;s metabolic rate. It makes two hormones that are secreted into the blood: thyroxin (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones are necessary for all the cells in the body to work normally.<\/p>\n<p>An excess of thyroid hormone production is called <strong>hyperthyroidism<\/strong>. A hyperthyroid patient may experience sweating; heart palpitations; rapid heartbeat; muscle weakness; nervousness; and intolerance to warm temperatures. In contrast, <strong>hypothyroidism<\/strong> is a state of insufficient thyroid hormone production. Worldwide, the most common cause is iodine deficiency. Typical symptoms for hypothyroidism are abnormal weight gain, tiredness, constipation, heavy menstrual bleeding, hair loss, cold intolerance, and a slow heart rate. Hypothyroidism is managed with replacement of the hormone thyroxin.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Thyroid Disease<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Disorders of the thyroid are functional, caused by dysfunction in the production of hormones, and nodes and tumors either benign or malignant. Functional disorders can cause inflammation as can some other forms of thyroiditis. Functional disorders can result in the overproduction or underproduction of hormones. Any of the functional thyroid disorders can result in the gland&#8217;s enlargement and cause a swollen neck, termed goiter.<\/p>\n<p>A <strong>goiter<\/strong> is an enlargement of the thyroid gland that results from overgrowth. Most goiters are asymptomatic, but some can cause difficulty with swallowing or with breathing. A symptomatic goiter is usually removed surgically.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Graves\u2019 Disease<\/strong> is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. The treatment of Grave&#8217;s disease is usually medication that inhibits production of thyroid hormone, or radioactive iodine is given to reduce thyroid function. Some patients with Grave&#8217;s disease may require surgery to remove the thyroid.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Thyroid nodules<\/strong> are often found on the gland, with a prevalence of 4\u20137%.The majority of nodules do not cause any symptoms and are non-cancerous. Non-cancerous cases include simple cysts, colloid nodules, and thyroid adenomas. Malignant nodules, which only occur in about 5% of nodules, include follicular, papillary, medullary carcinomas and metastases from other sites. Nodules are more likely in females, those who are exposed to radiation, and in those who are iodine deficient.<\/p>\n<p>In most cases, there is no noticeable enlargement of the thyroid and the patient is asymptomatic. Therefore, thyroid nodules are usually discovered during a routine physical exam. Even though most of them are benign, a fine needle biopsy should be performed to rule out cancer.<\/p>\n<p>The most common neoplasm affecting the thyroid gland is a benign adenoma, usually presenting as a painless mass in the neck. Malignant <strong>thyroid cancers<\/strong> are most often carcinomas, although cancer can occur in any tissue that the thyroid consists of, including cancer of C-cells and lymphomas. Cancers from other sites also rarely lodge in the thyroid. Radiation of the head and neck presents a risk factor for thyroid cancer, and cancer is more common in women than men, occurring at a rate of about 2:1. There are a variety of thyroid cancers and they vary in how aggressively they behave. A patient with thyroid cancer or a nodule that is suspicious for cancer requires surgery for treatment.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Surgical intervention<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Thyroid surgery is considered for 4 main reasons:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>You have a nodule that might be thyroid cancer<\/li>\n<li>You have a diagnosis of thyroid cancer<\/li>\n<li>You have a nodule or goiter that is causing local symptoms, like compression of the trachea, difficulty swallowing or a visible or unsightly mass<\/li>\n<li>You have a nodule or goiter that is causing symptoms due to the production and release of excess thyroid hormone: either a toxic nodule, a toxic multinodular goiter or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thyroid.org\/graves-disease\/\">Graves\u2019 disease<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The extent of your thyroid surgery should be discussed by you and your surgeon and can generally be classified as a partial thyroidectomy or a total thyroidectomy.<\/p>\n<p>Removal of part of the thyroid can be classified as:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>An open thyroid biopsy \u2013 a rarely used operation where a nodule is excised directly<\/li>\n<li>A hemi-thyroidectomy or thyroid lobectomy \u2013 where one lobe (one half) of the thyroid is removed<\/li>\n<li>An isthmusectomy \u2013 removal of just the bridge of thyroid tissue between the two lobes; used specifically for small tumors that are located in the isthmus<\/li>\n<li>Finally, a total or near-total thyroidectomy is removal of all or most of the thyroid tissue.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The recommendation as to the extent of thyroid surgery will be determined by the reason for the surgery. For instance, a nodule confined to one side of the thyroid may be treated with a hemithyroidectomy. If you are being evaluated for a large bilateral goiter or a large thyroid cancer, then you will probably have a recommendation for a total thyroidectomy. However, the extent of surgery is both a complex medical decision as well as a complex personal decision and should be made in conjunction with your endocrinologist and surgeon. Many thyroid surgeries require removal of only part of the gland. A person who undergoes surgery that leaves normal thyroid behind may have normal thyroid function. Other patients with more extensive surgery may require thyroid supplementation.<\/p>\n<p><iframe class=\"ginger-extension-definitionpopup\" style=\"left: -76px; top: 695.812px; z-index: 100001; display: none;\" src=\"chrome-extension:\/\/kdfieneakcjfaiglcfcgkidlkmlijjnh\/content\/popups\/definitionPopup\/index.html?title=Surgical&amp;description=of%20or%20relating%20to%20or%20involving%20or%20used%20in%20surgery\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><div id='av_section_2'  class='avia-section av-a4bdpv-d02834a27cd756cab86bbadd866c7786 main_color avia-section-no-padding avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-8  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_layout_row  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-1299'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-9wflo3-b6a741d635f91ddeea6996cad78a0a37\">\n.flex_column.av-9wflo3-b6a741d635f91ddeea6996cad78a0a37{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-9wflo3-b6a741d635f91ddeea6996cad78a0a37 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-9  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  '     ><div  class='av_promobox av-7ezngj-b1dfb3e81660b6cfeb0853cb44ce4ef8 avia-button-yes  avia-builder-el-10  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '><div class='avia-promocontent'><p>\nFor more information, contact Dr. Pedonomou<\/p>\n<\/div><div  class='avia-button-wrap av-7ezngj-ccbdc22ea3cc78dee8c76cabe01c96df-wrap avia-button-right '><a href='https:\/\/www.drpedonomou.com\/en\/contact\/'  class='avia-button av-7ezngj-ccbdc22ea3cc78dee8c76cabe01c96df av-link-btn avia-icon_select-no avia-size-large avia-position-right avia-color-theme-color'   aria-label=\"Contact\"><span class='avia_iconbox_title' >Contact<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><div id='av-layout-grid-2'  class='av-layout-grid-container av-5t4qyb-a95ca885a37123fb6282e72b8364925f entry-content-wrapper main_color av-fixed-cells  avia-builder-el-11  el_after_av_section  avia-builder-el-last  grid-row-not-first  container_wrap fullsize'  >\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-4j20g3-148ea485d23727f622eff8e68678b49f\">\n.flex_cell.av-4j20g3-148ea485d23727f622eff8e68678b49f{\nvertical-align:bottom;\nbackground-color:#109bc5;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_cell.av-4j20g3-148ea485d23727f622eff8e68678b49f{\npadding:4px 0px 0px 0px !important;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class='flex_cell av-4j20g3-148ea485d23727f622eff8e68678b49f av-gridrow-cell av_one_half no_margin  avia-builder-el-12  el_before_av_cell_one_half  avia-builder-el-first  content-align-bottom'  ><div class='flex_cell_inner'><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-2974hf-43528e39b25ad71b362a37cf429a44bb\">\n.flex_cell.av-2974hf-43528e39b25ad71b362a37cf429a44bb{\nvertical-align:bottom;\nbackground-color:#109bc5;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_cell.av-2974hf-43528e39b25ad71b362a37cf429a44bb{\npadding:4px 0px 0px 0px !important;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class='flex_cell av-2974hf-43528e39b25ad71b362a37cf429a44bb av-gridrow-cell av_one_half no_margin  avia-builder-el-13  el_after_av_cell_one_half  avia-builder-el-last  content-align-bottom'  ><div class='flex_cell_inner'><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":932,"menu_order":14,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1299","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - 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